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مهندسی شیمی::
قطبش غلظت درونی
Abbreviations: MOFs, metal-organic frameworks; TFC, thin film composite; TFN, thin film nanocomposite; MPD, m-phenylenediamine; TMC, trimesoyl chloride; NPs, nanoparticles; Pb, lead; As, arsenic; MMM, mixed matrix membrane; IP, interfacial polymerization; PS, styrene oligomers; PA, polyamide; PVAc, poly(vinyl acetate); PAN, polyacrylonitrile; MD, membrane distillation; AC, acetic acid; Hmim, 2-methylimidazole; CDI, capacitive deionization; MeIM, 2-methylimidazolate; BDC, 1,4- benzenedicarboxylate; ICP, internal concentration polarization; FO, forward osmosis; AD, adsorption desalination; RO, reverse osmosis; VMD, vacuum membrane distillation; NF, nanofiltration; MeOH, methanol; THF, tetrahydrofuran; PSS, poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate); PAN, polyacrylonitrile; UF, ultrafiltration; TMP, trans-membrane pressure; CFV, cross-flow velocity; PGS, progesterone hormone; PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene; PMM, porous matrix membrane; Li, lithium; PSSU, polystyrene sulfonate; ZHN, zinc hydroxide nanostrands; PVDF, polyvinylidene fluoride.
The internal concentration polarization (ICP), which occurs due to the concentration gradient of solute between the membrane's active layer and bulk solution (dilute ICP in FO desalination case) [56], was controlled and the mass transfer increased.
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